5 Simple Steps to Make a Chain

Chain maille is a type of metal armor made from interlocking rings. It was used in Europe from the late Iron Age to the High Middle Ages, and it is still used today for decorative purposes. Making chain maille is a time-consuming but rewarding process, and it can be done with a variety of tools and materials.

If you are interested in learning how to make chain maille, there are a few things you will need to get started. First, you will need to choose the type of chain maille you want to make. There are many different types of chain maille, each with its own unique look and feel. Once you have chosen the type of chain maille you want to make, you will need to gather the necessary materials. These materials include jumprings, wire, and pliers.

The first step in making chain maille is to create the jumprings. Jumprings are the small rings that are used to connect the pieces of chain maille together. You can make jumprings by cutting wire into small pieces and then bending the pieces into circles. Once you have created the jumprings, you can begin assembling the chain maille. The process of assembling chain maille is simple, but it can be time-consuming. The first step is to connect two jumprings together. Then, you will add a third jumpring to the two jumprings that you have already connected. You will continue to add jumprings in this manner until you have created the desired length of chain maille.

Selecting the Right Chain Material

Choosing the appropriate chain material is crucial for ensuring its durability, resilience, and suitability for specific applications. Factors to consider when selecting the chain material include:

Durability and Strength:

For heavy-duty applications or environments with extreme wear and tear, materials like steel, stainless steel, or alloy steel are recommended due to their exceptional strength and resistance to deformation.

Material	Strength
Steel	High
Stainless Steel	Moderate to High
Alloy Steel	High to Exceptional

Corrosion Resistance:

In applications involving exposure to moisture, chemicals, or other corrosive elements, chains made from stainless steel, galvanized steel, or coated steel are preferred as they offer superior protection against rust and corrosion.

Material	Corrosion Resistance
Stainless Steel	Excellent
Galvanized Steel	Good
Coated Steel	Moderate to Good

Weight and Flexibility:

For applications requiring lightweight and flexible chains, aluminum or plastic are suitable choices. These materials offer a balance between weight reduction and durability.

Material	Weight/Flexibility
Aluminum	Light/Flexible
Plastic	Very Light/Highly Flexible

Temperature Resistance:

In high-temperature environments, stainless steel or alloy steel chains are preferred as they can withstand extreme temperatures without losing their strength or integrity.

Material	Temperature Resistance
Stainless Steel	Moderate to High
Alloy Steel	High to Very High

Cost and Availability:

Consider the cost of the chain material and its availability in the desired specifications. Steel chains are generally the most affordable option, while specialty materials like stainless steel or alloy steel may come at a higher cost.

Gathering Essential Tools and Equipment

To make chainmail, you will need a few essential tools and equipment.

Essential Tools:

1. **Chainmail pliers:** These specialized pliers are essential for opening and closing chainmail rings. They have specially designed jaws that allow you to grip the rings without damaging them.
2. **Cutting pliers:** These pliers are used to cut chainmail rings to the desired length. They should have sharp blades that can cleanly cut through the metal without leaving any burrs.
3. **Measuring tape:** This is used to measure the length of chain and to ensure that the links are all of the same size.
4. **Safety glasses:** Protect your eyes from flying metal fragments and debris when cutting or opening rings.

Essential Equipment:

1. **Chainmail rings:** These are the basic building blocks of chainmail. They are available in various sizes, shapes, and materials.
2. **Wire:** This is used to bind the chain links together. It should be strong and flexible enough to withstand the stress of combat or other activities.

Type of Chain	Ring Size	Ring Shape	Material
European 4-in-1	16g	Oval	Mild steel
Byzantine	18g	Round	Stainless steel
Japanese	20g	Flattened oval	Aluminum

Creating Different Types of Chain Links

Creating different types of chain links is an essential skill for any jeweler or crafter who works with chain. There are many different types of chain links, each with its own unique look and feel. In this section, we will discuss how to create some of the most common types of chain links, including jump rings, box chain, and rope chain.

Jump Rings

Jump rings are small, round rings that are used to connect other chain links together. They are typically made from wire, and they can be opened and closed with a pair of pliers. Jump rings are available in a variety of sizes and gauges, and they can be used to create a wide variety of chain designs.

To Create a Jump Ring:

Cut a piece of wire to the desired length.
Form a loop with the wire, and then overlap the ends.
Solder the ends together.
Trim any excess wire.

Box Chain

Box chain is a type of chain that is made up of square or rectangular links. Box chain is strong and durable, and it is often used in jewelry and other decorative applications. To create box chain, you will need to create a series of square or rectangular wire frames, and then solder them together.

To Create a Box Chain Link:

Cut four pieces of wire to the desired length.
Form a square or rectangle with the wire, and then solder the corners together.
Repeat steps 1 and 2 to create additional links.
Solder the links together to form a chain.

Rope Chain

Rope chain is a type of chain that is made up of twisted wire links. Rope chain is flexible and durable, and it is often used in jewelry and other decorative applications. To create rope chain, you will need to twist two or more strands of wire together, and then solder the ends together.

To Create a Rope Chain Link:

Cut two or more strands of wire to the desired length.
Twist the strands of wire together.
Solder the ends of the wire together.
Trim any excess wire.

Joining the Links to Form a Chain

To connect the links and form a chain, follow these steps:

1. Open the first link: Hold the first link horizontally and use a pair of pliers or a jump ring opener to gently pull the two ends apart, creating a small gap.

2. Insert the second link: Position the second link vertically and insert one end of it into the gap of the first link. Make sure the ends of both links are facing the same direction.

3. Close the first link: Use the pliers or jump ring opener to gently squeeze the ends of the first link together, securing the second link inside.

4. Repeat the process: Continue adding links to the chain by repeating steps 1-3. Hold the chain taut as you work to maintain its shape and strength.

Chain Type	Link Closure
Open Chain	Links are connected with jump rings or split rings
Closed Chain	Links are soldered or crimped together for a permanent connection

5. Secure the last link: To finish the chain, open the last link and insert one end of a clasp ring or a bead into the gap. Close the link securely to attach the clasp or bead.

6. Check the chain: Inspect the chain carefully to ensure all links are properly connected and the overall length is as desired.

Measuring and Cutting the Chain to Length

To ensure a perfect fit for your chain, accurate measurements and precise cutting are crucial. Follow these steps for optimal results:

1. Determine the Desired Length

Measure the area where the chain will be worn, considering the desired looseness or snugness. Add an additional 2-4 inches for the clasp and any potential adjustments.

2. Mark the Cutting Points

Using a ruler or measuring tape, mark the points on the chain where you will make the cuts. Ensure that the measurements are accurate and symmetrical.

3. Choose a Cutting Tool

Select a sharp, precision-cutting tool designed for jewelry, such as a fine-toothed jeweler’s saw, wire cutters, or a pair of sharp scissors.

4. Cut the Chain

Hold the chain securely and make clean cuts at the marked points. Use gentle pressure to avoid damaging the chain or creating frayed ends. For extra precision, use a cutting block or a piece of wood underneath the chain.

5. Smoothing the Cut Edges

After cutting, the edges of the chain may be slightly rough or sharp. To smooth them out and prevent snagging, use a fine-grit sandpaper or a chain smoothing tool. Gently rub the edges in a circular motion until they are smooth to the touch. You can also use a small file to gently round off any sharp corners.

	Suitable Tools for Chain Cutting
Fine-toothed jeweler’s saw	Precision cutting for delicate chains
Wire cutters	Sturdy cutting for thicker chains
Sharp scissors	Versatile and convenient for thinner chains

Finishing and Securing the Chain

Once you’ve chained to your desired length, it’s time to finish and secure it. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Slip Knot the Loop

Pull the tail of the yarn through the loop on your hook, creating a slip knot.

2. Tighten the Knot

Pull on both ends of the yarn to tighten the slip knot, securing the chain.

3. Cut the Yarn (Optional)

If desired, trim the excess yarn tail, leaving about 1 inch (2.5 cm) to weave in later.

4. Weave in the Ends

Use a tapestry needle or crochet hook to weave in the loose yarn ends into the chain to prevent fraying.

5. Pin the Chain (Optional)

For extra security, pin the chain to a surface or use a chain keeper to prevent it from pulling apart.

6. Join the Chain

If you need to join two chains, there are several methods you can use:

Method	Steps
Chain Stitch	Make a chain stitch into the first chain, then insert your hook into the last chain of the second chain and pull the yarn through. Chain one stitch and pull through both loops on your hook to secure.
Slip Stitch	Insert your hook into the first chain, yarn over, and pull the yarn through. Insert your hook into the last chain of the second chain and pull the yarn through both loops on your hook.
Joining Ring	Attach a joining ring to the last chain of each chain. Use pliers to squeeze the ring shut, connecting the two chains.

Choosing the Right Closure for Your Chain

When choosing a closure for your chain, there are several factors to consider:

Type of Chain: Different chain styles require different types of closures. For example, a delicate chain would require a small and subtle closure, while a chunky chain could handle a larger and more robust one.
Desired Look: The closure should complement the overall aesthetic of the chain. A simple lobster clasp might work best for a minimalist necklace, while a decorative toggle clasp could add a touch of flair to an elegant pendant.
Durability and Security: The closure should be strong enough to hold the chain securely without breaking or coming undone. This is especially important for chains that will be worn frequently or subjected to wear and tear.

Available Closure Options

Type	Description
Lobster Clasp: A versatile and secure closure that is easy to use. It consists of a spring-loaded hook that snaps into a ring.
Toggle Clasp: A decorative and simple closure that works by passing a bar through a ring. The bar can be adorned with various designs.
Magnetic Clasp: A convenient and modern closure that uses magnets to keep the chain securely fastened. It is easy to use and offers a sleek look.
Spring Ring Clasp: A small and inconspicuous closure that is commonly used on delicate chains. It consists of a spring-loaded ring that snaps open and closed.
Hook and Eye Clasp: A classic and elegant closure that features a hook that latches onto an eye. It is often used on chains with pendants.
Barrel Clasp: A secure and adjustable closure that allows for fine-tuning the length of the chain. It consists of a barrel-shaped bead that slides along the chain.
Fishhook Clasp: A simple and durable closure that is often used on thicker chains. It consists of a hook that latches onto a ring.

Polishing and Cleaning Your Chain

Regularly polishing and cleaning your chain is essential for maintaining its performance and longevity. Here’s a detailed guide to help you keep your chain in pristine condition:

Materials You’ll Need

Chain-specific cleaner or degreaser
Soft cloths or rags
Chain lube

Steps:

1. **Remove the Chain:** Detach the chain from the bike frame and cassette.

2. **Degrease the Chain:** Soak the chain in a degreaser solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Alternatively, you can use a chain cleaning machine or ultrasonic cleaner.

3. **Scrub the Chain:** Using a soft cloth or brush, gently scrub the chain to remove dirt and debris. Avoid using harsh bristles that can damage the chain.

4. **Rinse the Chain:** Rinse the chain thoroughly with clean water to remove any remaining dirt or degreaser residue.

5. **Dry the Chain:** Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down the chain and remove any excess moisture.

6. **Polish the Chain:** Apply a small amount of chain polish to a clean cloth and gently rub it over the chain. This will help protect the chain from rust and wear.

7. **Lubricate the Chain:** Apply chain lube to the inner and outer links of the chain. Avoid over-lubricating, as excess lube can attract dirt.

8. **Wipe Off Excess Lube:** Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe off any excess lube that may have been applied.

9. **Reinstall the Chain:** Reattach the cleaned and lubricated chain to the bike frame and cassette.

Chain Polishing and Lubrication Frequency

Riding Conditions	Frequency
Dry, clean conditions	Every 150-250 miles
Wet or muddy conditions	Every 50-75 miles
Mountain biking or extreme conditions	After every ride

Troubleshooting Common Chain-Making Problems

1. Chain is too loose or too tight

Adjust the tension of the yarn by holding the working yarn taut while crocheting. If the chain is too loose, pull the yarn tighter. If the chain is too tight, loosen your grip on the yarn.

2. Chain is uneven

Make sure to keep your tension consistent throughout the chain. If you are crocheting too tightly in some areas and too loosely in others, the chain will be uneven.

3. Chain is kinking

This can happen if you are crocheting too tightly or if you are not holding the hook correctly. Make sure to hold the hook parallel to the yarn and to insert it into the stitch from the correct direction.

4. Chain is breaking

This can happen if you are using yarn that is too thin or if you are crocheting too tightly. Try using a thicker yarn or loosening your tension.

5. Chain is not lying flat

This can happen if you are not crocheting into the correct part of the stitch. Make sure to insert the hook into the top of the stitch, not the side.

6. Chain is too short or too long

To make a chain of a specific length, count the number of stitches you need. If the chain is too short, add more stitches. If the chain is too long, remove some stitches.

7. Chain is too narrow or too wide

The width of the chain is determined by the size of the hook you are using. Using a larger hook will create a wider chain. Using a smaller hook will create a narrower chain.

8. Chain has holes in it

This can happen if you are not closing the stitches correctly. Make sure to pull the yarn through both loops of the stitch.

9. Chain has dropped stitches

If you drop a stitch, you can pick it up again by inserting the hook into the next stitch and pulling the yarn through. You can then reinsert the hook into the dropped stitch and continue crocheting.

Tension is Key

Consistent tension is crucial for creating even and clean chains. Keep the yarn taut but not too tight to prevent it from breaking or stretching unevenly.

Use the Correct Hook Size

Matching the hook size to the yarn weight ensures the chain stitches are the right size and provide the desired drape and texture. Consult the yarn label for the recommended hook size.

Hold the Hook Correctly

Proper hook grip is essential. Hold the hook like a pencil, with the shank resting between your thumb and index finger. This provides control and stability while making chains.

Count Your Stitches

Keep track of the number of chains made to avoid mistakes. Counting as you go ensures the chain reaches the desired length and avoids over or under-chaining.

Use Stitch Markers

Stitch markers help mark specific stitches, such as the beginning or end of a round. They also prevent losing count or accidentally skipping chains.

Slip Stitches

Slip stitches, often used to join rows, create a neat and invisible seam. Insert the hook into the next chain and pull the yarn through, creating a new chain and connecting it to the previous one.

Single Crochet Stitches

Single crochet stitches (sc) can be added to the end of a chain to create a foundation row for crocheting patterns. Insert the hook into the last chain, yarn over, and pull up a loop. Yarn over again and pull through both loops on the hook.

Double Crochet Stitches

Double crochet stitches (dc) are taller than single crochets and create a more airy and openwork texture. Yarn over twice, insert the hook into the next chain, yarn over, and pull up a loop. Yarn over again and pull through two loops. Repeat for the next three loops on the hook.

Treble Crochet Stitches

Treble crochet stitches (tr) are even taller than double crochets and add height and texture to chains. Yarn over three times, insert the hook into the next chain, yarn over, and pull up a loop. Yarn over again and pull through two loops. Repeat for the next four loops on the hook.

How To Make Chain

Making a chain is a great way to learn the basics of jewelry making. It’s a relatively simple process, but it does require some patience and attention to detail. With a little practice, you’ll be able to create beautiful chains that you can use to make necklaces, bracelets, and other jewelry pieces.

To make a chain, you’ll need the following materials:

Jewelry wire
Wire cutters
Round-nose pliers
Chain nose pliers

Once you have your materials, you can follow these steps to make a chain:

Cut a length of wire that is twice the length of the chain you want to make.
Fold the wire in half and create a loop at the end.
Use the round-nose pliers to close the loop.
Thread the wire through the loop and pull it tight.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have created the desired length of chain.
Use the chain nose pliers to connect the ends of the chain.

Once you’ve made a chain, you can use it to create a variety of jewelry pieces. You can string it with beads, add it to a pendant, or use it to make a simple necklace or bracelet.